4.5.4
Initial Values of Variables
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES
The following example contains several different kinds of variables:
class Point {
static int numPoints;
// numPoints
 is a class variable
int x, y;
// x
 and
y
 are instance variables
int[] w = new int[10];
// w[0]
 is an array component
int setX(int x) {
// x
 is a method parameter
int oldx = this.x;
// oldx
 is a local variable
this.x = x;
return oldx;
}
}
4.5.4   Initial Values of Variables
Every variable in a Java program must have a value before its value is used:
Each class variable, instance variable, or array component is initialized with a
default value
 when it is created ( 15.8,  15.9,  20.3.6):
N
For type
byte
, the default value is zero, that is, the value of
(byte)0
.
N
For type
short
, the default value is zero, that is, the value of
(short)0
.
N
For type
int
, the default value is zero, that is,
0
.
N
For type
long
, the default value is zero, that is,
0L
.
N
For type
float
, the default value is positive zero, that is,
0.0f
.
N
For type
double
, the default value is positive zero, that is,
0.0d
.
N
For type
char
, the default value is the null character, that is,
 \u0000 
.
N
For type
boolean
, the default value is
false
.
N
For all reference types ( 4.3), the default value is
null
.
Each method parameter ( 8.4.1) is initialized to the corresponding argument
value provided by the invoker of the method ( 15.11).
Each constructor parameter ( 8.6.1) is initialized to the corresponding argu 
ment value provided by a class instance creation expression ( 15.8) or explicit
constructor invocation ( 8.6.5).
An exception handler parameter ( 14.18) is initialized to the thrown object
representing the exception ( 11.3,  14.16).
A local variable ( 14.3,  14.12) must be explicitly given a value before it is
used, by either initialization ( 14.3) or assignment ( 15.25), in a way that can
be verified by the compiler using the rules for definite assignment ( 16).
46






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