for example, agricultural inputs that arrive too late to be utilized effectively may be wasted.

Similarly for expected result f (improved policies for exportation of specific products such as wood,

cotton, yams, etc.), the monitoring will be in two phases; one to determine if changes in the policies have

taken place and the second to determine the impacts of the changes on the export of those products,

much of which is expected to be cross border t rade with neighboring countries, but which can also

include exports to European, North American, Asian and other markets.

Result g (elimination of export bans for products such as cotton lint, natural rubber, scrap metal and

yams) is similar to item  f  in that it should result in increased exports.  These bans typically exist to

assure adequate domestic supplies although they may have the opposite effect through decreased

incentives.  The monitoring for this result will be: 1) determining which, if any, bans are eliminated; and

2) then determining if removing the bans have impacts on production, exports, and/or prices received by

producers.

Another expected result from Task One is  h  (enforced compliance with BOG policy eliminating foreign

exchange controls for exporters of nontraditional products).  Monitoring this will involve interviews with

exporters of nontraditional products to determine if the policy is being enforced.  Its impacts would be to

increase exports of those products, although the level of exports involve a complex set of activities and it

is difficult to determine which is more prominent in determining the levels of exports for particular

products. 

In addition to the results and impacts listed in this section, the contract contains some further activities

that potentially will contribute to achieving the SO1 and Vision 2020 goals but that are not covered in the

monitoring activities described above.  These additional results are listed in i l above.  Two of these are

related to factor markets: i , the tripartite review of labor markets (improvements in labor markets and

labor productivity) and  j , the land usufruct study (improvements in land uses through better usufruct

procedures).  A weakness for monitoring these results is a lack of adequate data, for both determining a

good baseline and for realistic impact monitoring.  There is a considerable amount of information on

earnings by various occupations and other categories (including gender) from the Ghana Living Standards

Survey (GLSS) of 1991 92, but that data is too dated to be of much practical value for an activity

beginning in 1998.  Some information on the formal sector is available from the SSNIT and there is some

information on public sector labor, but neither is very satisfactory for monitoring labor market

developments.  The proposed population census in 2000 might provide useful information, but without

recent 1995 97) baseline information it will not be possible to determine the impacts of contract activities

on changes in the labor market.

Land use information, especially as it relates to tenure and use, is also deficient as well as being highly

sensitive due to traditional procedures and regional variations in these procedures.  Thus, the primary

activitiy will be to study this activity and to make recommendations for procedures that would be more

consistent with increased competitiveness while respecting traditional approaches to land use.  The

indicator to be used is the document developed to report on the land use study.  Then it will be necessary

to institute a policy dialogue to discuss and devise strategies for improvement in land use, land ownership

and land tenure.

Item  j .(an improved, more hassle free business climate) involves eliminating red tape, superfluous or

complicated forms and licenses (or hassles, i.e., red tape, in completing the former and getting the latter). 

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