903

 Dio, The Roman History, Penguin Books, p. 182. Compare to: Dio,  Roman History, Volume VI, Loeb 

Classical Library, 54.29.7 54.30.1. In the Loeb translation, there is a general reference to  portents as are 

wont to happen to them before the greatest calamities.  However, Dio does not specifically apply this to the 

comet's appearance. It is rather a general comment on portents in general. The Penguin Books translation has 

it as:  when the greatest calamities threaten the state.  

904

 Dio, Roman History, Volume VI, Loeb Classical Library, 54.30.1. 

905

 Pliny, Natural History, 2.23. 

906

 Pliny, Natural History, 2.33. 

907

 Pliny, Natural History, 2.28. 

908

 Pliny, Natural History, 2.35. 

909

 Dio, The Roman History, Penguin Books, p. 40. See also: Dio,  Roman History, Volume V, Loeb Classical 

Library, 50.8.2. 

910

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 24. 

911

 Information the location of this constellation as seen from Rome in that time period is from the astronomy 

software program RedShift 3. 

912

 The usual date for the deaths of Marc Anthony and Cleopatra is August of 30 

B.C.

 Finegan, Handbook of 

Biblical Chronology, revised edition, no. 299, p. 162. 

913

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27. 

914

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27. 

915

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27. 

916

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27, 33. 

917

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27 28. 

918

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27. 

919

 Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Penguin Books, 5.46. 

920

 Dio, Roman History, Volume VIII, Loeb Classical Library, 61.35.1. 

921

 Pliny, Natural History, 2.23. 

922

 Lucius Annaeus Seneca,  Natural Questions II, ed. E.  H. Warmington, trans. Thomas H. Corcoran, Loeb 

Classical Library, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1972),  Comets,  7.21.3. 

923

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 28.  

924

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 28 30. Kronk states that the comet was first seen on June 9 and last seen on July 9. 

The full moon dates for that period are June 9 and July 8 (as seen from China). It is probably not pure 

coincidence that the dates of the comets first and last appearance are the dates of the full moon. More likely, 

the comet was seen sometime between these two dates, i.e. between the dates for these two consecutive full 

moons. Full moon data from RedShift 3 astronomy software. 

925

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 29. 

926

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 28 29. 

927

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27. 

928

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27. 

929

 Locations of constellations, as seen from Rome, from RedShift 3 astronomy software. 

930

 Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Penguin Books, 5.46. 

931

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 27, 29. 

932

 Dio, Roman History, Volume VII, Loeb Classical Library, 60.26.1 5. 

933

 Dio, Roman History, Volume VII, Loeb Classical Library, 60.26.1 5. 

934

 Dio, Roman History, Volume VII, Loeb Classical Library, 60.26 27. 

935

 See for example: Pliny, Natural History, 2.8 13. 

936

 Dio, Roman History, Volume VII, Loeb Classical Library, 60.26.1 5. 

937

 Dio, Roman History, Volume VII, Loeb Classical Library, 60.26.1. 

938

 Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome, Penguin Books, p. 324. Compare: Tacitus, The Annals, Loeb Classical 

Library, 14.22. 

939

 Kronk, Cometography, p. 28, 33. 

324